The Impact of the Nursing Shortage on Patient Care Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The primary concern will be the impact it has on the ability of nurses to provide quality health care. With fewer staff, nurses are required to work longer hours and assume additional responsibilities. Overworked nurses, burdened with fatigue and job stress, are more prone to accidental errors and a reduction in timely medical attention. A survey of registered nurses indicated that 79 percent of hospital-employed RNs believed that short staffing contributed to a reduction in the quality of patient care (Buerhaus et al, 2005). A long-term and escalating nursing shortage could contribute to the 98,000 deaths per year due to medical errors as reported by the Institute of Medicine in 2000 (Buerhaus et al, 2005). Aside from the important issue of the quality of patient care is the factor of rising health care costs. As the labor supply of qualified nurses shrinks, the competition for nurses increases. A wage war may result from the shortage and will contribute to the rising costs as hosp itals increase the wages and compensatory packages for their staff. Costs associated with temporary hiring practices have also increased due to the shortage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Nursing Shortage on Patient Care or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now While an increase in wages may seem to benefit the nurses, increased demands may not be worth the cost. Nurses working extended shifts and longer hours may come under increased scrutiny from administrators and government regulators struggling to eliminate the human errors and the increased cost of malpractice insurance. According to Rivers, "An increase in errors related to fatigue significantly increases the cost of malpractice insurance". The continuing nursing shortage will have its greatest effects on future nurses that will be entering the field or are currently enrolled in a nursing program. Nursing, a field that will have the greatest number of job openings in the next decade, may find it is short of qualified instructors in the future. As wages increase, instructors may be tempted to leave teaching positions and take a position as a practicing nurse to reap the economic benefits.

Fences, By August Wilson - 895 Words

Fences written by August Wilson is an award winning drama that depicts an African-America family who lives in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania during the 1950’s. During this time, the Mason’s reveal the struggles working as a garbage man, providing for his family and excepting life as is. The end of segregation began, more opportunities for African American people were accessible. Troy, who’s the father the Cory and husband of Rose has shoes fill as a working African America man. He is the family breadwinner and plays the dominant role in the play. Troy’s childhood was pretty rough growing up on a farm of 11 children. Overtime, he realizes the change of society. He builds a friendship fellow sanitation worker, Jim Bono while in the penitentiary. Troy planned to build a fence around his house to control the number of people on his property. The fence also plays a symbolic role throughout the drama. These motives and characteristics control is what makes Troy the f riend, father, worker, and husband he is today. Troy’s personality is very conservative. He is an angry man who has been a victim of racial violence and allowed his bitterness to become a barrier to new opportunities that opened at this time. As a child Troy wanted out of his abusive father’s relationship. His father barely looked after his 11 children and had always puts himself first before anyone else. Instead, young Troy escapes north to Pittsburg ending himself in jail due to theft, which is where he meets his aceShow MoreRelatedFences : Fences By August Wilson1541 Words   |  7 PagesName: Alejandro Ahmed Date: 12/6/16 Unit: American Drama Title: Fences Author: August Wilson Year of Publication: 1986 Fences Study Guide Descriptive i. Overview: â€Å"Fences†, was a play written by August Wilson in 1986. The play communicates the story of the son of an unsuccessful sharecropper, Troy Maxson, who has lived most of his life independently due to his father’s abuse during his childhood. The play focuses on Troy’s interactions and conflicts with other characters, and the complicated relationshipsRead MoreFences by August Wilson791 Words   |  3 Pageshave built fences to keep enemies out and keep those they want to protect inside. In society today, people create metaphorical fences in order to fence in their feelings, while others create literal fences in order to keep the unwanted away. In the play Fences, the Maxon family lives in 1950’s America whose love for sports and one another are questioned at times when they need to be together the most. In the play Fences by August Wilson, two main characters Troy and Cory Maxon build a fence, literallyRead MoreFences, By August Wilson1104 Wor ds   |  5 PagesAfrican-Americans during the middle of the twentieth century were treated differently than those of the white population. Fences, a play by August Wilson, demonstrates the frustration of white dominance during a time when African-Americans were secluded from society. The Maxson family are the main characters of the play, showing the life they lived in their black tenement in Pittsburg in the 1950s. The setting demonstrates the drama of their struggle, frustration, rebellion, and the predicamentsRead MoreAugust Wilson Fences984 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause in order to get what you want you have to fight for it. Two literary works that reflect this quote are Fences, a play about the struggles of African American before and during the Civil Rights Era in the 1950s and 60s, by August Wilson and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† a short story that shows the difference between women and men during that time, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. ‘Fences’ shows th e revolution the characters face, their actions and what is the result of those choices. Whereas, ‘TheRead MoreFences, By August Wilson807 Words   |  4 PagesFences â€Å"Some people build fences to keep people out...and other people build fences to keep people in† (61). In the play, Fences, by August Wilson who displays how fences symbolize different situations to represent different characters. The story takes place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the 1950’s, and in the play fences gives an outlook of providing an obstacle or barrier that is intended to keep something out or in. It shows through the protagonist character, named Troy Maxson and his wifeRead MoreThe Fences By August Wilson1813 Words   |  8 PagesIn the Fences, by August Wilson shows that life of African Americans in the U.S. in the 1950s with the story of Troy and his family. Wilson uses the symbol of the fence to show the desires of each character like Rose’s desire is to keep her family together, Troy’s desire is to keep death out and to be not bound forever, and Bono’s desire is to follow Troy, his best friend, as an example of the rig ht way to live and to be with Rose and Troy who are basically his family. Rose and the other seen charactersRead MoreFences by August Wilson883 Words   |  4 PagesFences, written by August Wilson, is a play about a man, named Troy, struggling to support his family during the late 1950’s. In this play, we see that Troy hurts the people closest to him. He has been uncaring towards his wife, Rose, his brother Gabriel and his son, Cory. This is because Troy had nothing to go on but the harsh example set by his father. In Fences, Troy has felt like he has been fenced in all of his life, which causes him to fence others in. Troy has felt fenced in all of his lifeRead MoreFences, August Wilson1835 Words   |  8 PagesAs illustrative of the kind of analysis I would bring to Fences, by August Wilson, if my bid to direct is successful, O prose to take direction for a part of Act 1, Scene 3 of the play. This will include possible blocking, camera work, music, and what the actor should be feeling and experiencing while acting the part. I will examine how crucial it is that the actors portray their characters effectively, and I will offer commentary to assure just that. On the basis of these findings I will determineRead MoreSymbolism In Fences By August Wilson1460 Words   |  6 PagesKeep Love in or Lock it Out?: An Analysis of Symbolism in Fences Symbolism is defined as an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. In Fences by August Wilson, symbolism is used heavily throughout the play in order to represent deeper meanings and add to the emotion of the storyline. In order for the play to have so much depth and emotion, symbolism is crucial to the work itself and the heavy topicsRead MoreFences by August Wilson1495 Words   |  6 PagesGrowing up, most parents want what is best for their children with the hope that they will lead a better life than the one they had. On the surface, this does not seem to be the case in the relationship between Troy and Cory in August Wilson’s Fences. Troy was a hardworking man who did all he can to provide for his family. Cory worked equally as hard in his athletic career. Troy made a decision to end Cory’s football career out of protection but Cory viewed it as his father’ s jealousy. Troy’s rough

Strategy & Business Model Innovation for Barrick Limited

Question: Discuss about the Strategy Business Model Innovation for Barrick Limited. Answer: Strategy The main idea that has been extorted from the given video takes in the in-depth analysis of the term strategy. Strategy has never been that precise idea that can be channelized into detailed ways. There are various ways in which the weakness of an organization can be transported to the vanguard. On the other hand, it is the submission of the thought that is being processed by different organizations in conveying the best out of them through the different prediction of internal analysis (Schneider and Spieth 2013). Organizations have been envisaging the correct ideas that are supportive in improvement in the market. The main focus of the company would be on gaining the competitive advantage in the market and within the industry. Using pre-determined ideas is not always what the company does or needs to do. The basic principle of continuing in the competitive segment is to channelize the ideas and assemble the objectives as per the requirement of the hour. Organizations should be strat egizing things in a way that benefits them in the long run with the competition being in the right marketplace having the value differentiation (Casadesus?Masanell and Zhu 2013). The resources that are being used is mainly based on the organizations ability along with the procurement of exclusive customer value. The company strategies should be on the accurate execution level rather than just devising a plan. Barrick Australia Pacific (BAP) is a company that is into mining that presents one of the best examples in citing the advanced strategy. The superior production of cash is one of the approaches that is being used by organizations. In the case of BAP, the same is being done through the help of the portfolio, surveillance of the performance and focusing on the stakeholders interest. The precedence of the organization is in ensuring the best value of 4 Ps. Apart from these facts, the organization has been striving hard in integrating the required strategies required for more generation of revenue and the appropriate balance sheet. The safety of the employees factor is also important for evaluating the frequency rate of injuries among the customers. The management of BAP has been great in looking after their employees in the best possible manner. The organizations tier 1 assets have been their key strategy in delivering the augmented revenue invention. The company portfolio is being impr oved with the assistance of the standard assets. The operational brilliance of the organization is through the regular motives for development. The main purpose of the company is to institute a condensed art of network that would help in operating the same with required license. The unique qualities of the employees are being taken in structuring a team that is fully focused towards the goals and objectives of the company (www.barrick.com 2017). The companys strength lies in the fact that the management has been brave and strong enough in understanding the challenges that is there for the company. Their step forward is with the employee strength they possess. Business Model Innovation Organizations across the globe have been reflective of the idea as to whilst they would be going towards the innovation. Innovation in business model is for breaking the path and breaking the ideas that organizations have been performing and launching something creative in nature. In the present day business, the primary concern of the organization is to invent the satisfaction strategies of the client from time to time. Innovation is the way in granting the required competitive advantage. The overall idea would be to attract the customers in the most effective way. The organization must be having the possession of enough resources and he opportunity in implementing the technological development (DaSilva and Trkman 2014). In todays world technology is an important facet but not always as considered by same. The innovation base is the execution of the correct idea that has the ability to meet the goals of the organization. The success factor of any organization is connected with the v alue proposition of customers that is being displayed in the form of generation of revenue. The organizations need to evaluate the global infrastructure that exists and then kick off their own business model. The idea initiation must be based on the proper understanding of the customers demands that varies with the different organizations or the organizations of the industry. The incorporation and execution of the creative idea should be such that the organizations must have the ability to produce the constructive results. The innovation of the business model that has been applied by Dell takes in the extensive idea of configure to order. As per Slack (2015), this approach was initiated by the organization in offering the customers the satisfaction value. Dells customization of their products were enough in making them believe that they were an integral part of the organization and that Dell values them in big way. Along with this, Dell was also instrumental in upgrading their advancement through the assistance of JIT (Just in Time) manufacturing. The companys manufacture has been well maintained with the assistance of the compressed inventory management. Purchase and delivery is being made easier by the organization through availing the service stations near the customer location. These have been implemented by the organization over a longer period of time. The organizations intelligent use of the inventory has been managing the value of constituent depreciation. These facets are not something that ha s implemented now in the industry of PC. But, Dell taking a leaf out of the books of HP altered the above discussed factors in fostering production and clients faith. The organization has been successful in gathering the relevant information for the purpose of competition, incorporating them and finally implementing the same (Bocken et al. 2014). For this reason only, the company has been able to announce the revenue of around $13.1 Billion in the second quarter of 2017. Dells rise has been positive for the fact that it has been able to remodel the business (DaSilva and Trkman 2014). The pioneering ways of various demands of customers have been able to provide the company with required benefits. Reference: Barrick.com. (2017).Barrick Gold Corporation - Transforming into a 21st century company. [online] Available at: https://www.barrick.com/ [Accessed 6 May 2017]. Bocken, N.M.P., Short, S.W., Rana, P. and Evans, S., 2014. A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes.Journal of cleaner production,65, pp.42-56. Casadesus?Masanell, R. and Zhu, F., 2013. Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor?based business models.Strategic management journal,34(4), pp.464-482. DaSilva, C.M. and Trkman, P., 2014. Business model: What it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), pp.379-389. Rashidirad, M., Soltani, E. and Syed, J., 2013. Strategic alignment between competitive strategy and dynamic capability: Conceptual framework and hypothesis development.Strategic Change,22(3?4), pp.213-224. Schneider, S. and Spieth, P., 2013. Business model innovation: Towards an integrated future research agenda.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(01), p.1340001. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Top Qualities and Characteristics of an Effective Leader

Question: Discuss about qualities of an effective leader, characteristics of an effective leader and leadership model. Answer: Introduction An effective leader is an individual with an emotion for a reason that is larger than they are. A leadership must have values that are life-giving to the society. Hence, in this study the researcher would analysis the qualities and characteristic of a leader that are strongly influenced within the workplace. However, often the leaders fail to adjust own strategies as per the business situations. Henceforth, the author would examine the characteristics with giving an example of real life leader who has succeed in his business by adopting effective leadership strategies. Qualities of an effective leader A good leader is a salient character who is trustworthy to lead others which is of utmost gravity for a leader. A good leader needs to be relied and be known to live life with integrity and honesty. According to Puccio, Mance Murdock (2010), the individual is enthusiastic in their work and also about the role of a leader. Therefore, people will rejoin more freely to a person of dedication and passion. At the same time, a leader needs to be source of motivation. In order to lead over the staffs a leader needs to appear as a confident. Therefore, the person motivates inspires to other. However, in some cases it has been seen that an effective leader cannot face ambiguity as they are intolerant to face of dilemma in a situation of uncertainty. Therefore, the staffs also suffer from the lack of positive demeanor. An effective leader would focus the main objective and is able to inspect analytically (Spears, 2010). These are the important qualities that make an individual an effective leader. Characteristics of an effective leader According to Boyce, Zaccaro Wisecarver (2010), an effective and good leader must possess a high level of communication skills. The leader must be a good speaker as well as good listener and should communicate all the level of an organisation. Simultaneously, a good leader must have interpersonal skills and earn confidence and trust from the followers. The individual should be flexible to face challenges and adjust environments. Hence, these characteristics help the individuals to be succeed in business. For an real life example, the CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs is the master of persuasive and effective speaking, implementing various strategies to adapt to differentiate situations and scenarios while delivering consistent messages (News, 2016). Leadership model The Path-Goal Theory model shows that how a leader applies strategies within the workplace to be an effective leader. The individual should have directive, participative and supportive behaviour these can give better outcomes (Puccio, Mance Murdock, 2010). The employee's performance and satisfaction is totally influenced by a leaders skilled behaviour. There are two types of factors that a leader have to overcome, these are environmental contingency factors and subordinate contingency factors. A leader having the latter pre requisite quality is considered to be staff motivator and upholds the flag of the organization. [Refer to Appendix 1]. However, a true leader is hard to detect, especially in the modern instance of intense market competition and diverse nature of workforce. Conclusion It could be concluded that an effective leader must have communication and interpersonal skills that would help him to understand the problems and requirement of employees. Therefore, the individual is able to take decisions. In a workplace, there are diversity of culture so that an effective leader should have potentiality to manage and adjust the working environment. A leader could thus follow the path goal theory model in order to be an effective leader to its employees. References Books Puccio, G. J., Mance, M., Murdock, M. C. (2010). Creative leadership: Skills that drive change. California: Sage Publications. Journals Spears, L. C. (2010). Character and servant leadership: Ten characteristics of effective, caring leaders. The Journal of Virtues Leadership, 1(1), 25-30. Boyce, L. A., Zaccaro, S. J., Wisecarver, M. Z. (2010). Propensity for self-development of leadership attributes: Understanding, predicting, and supporting performance of leader self-development. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 159-178. Websites News, A. (2016). Video: Newly Released Tapes Reveal Visionary Genius of Apple's Steve Jobs. ABC News. Retrieved 12 July 2016, from https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/newly-released-tapes-reveal-visionary-genius-apples-steve-34277612 Bibliography Books DuBrin, A. J. (2010). Principles of leadership (pp. 159-166). Canada: South-Western. Daft, R. L. (2014). The leadership experience. Boston: Cengage Learning. Alvesson, M., Spicer, A. (Eds.). (2010). Metaphors we lead by: Understanding leadership in the real world. Abingdon: Routledge. Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., Platow, M. J. (2010). The new psychology of leadership: Identity, influence and power. New York: Psychology Press. Journals Kiazad, K., Restubog, S. L. D., Zagenczyk, T. J., Kiewitz, C., Tang, R. L. (2010). In pursuit of power: The role of authoritarian leadership in the relationship between supervisors Machiavellianism and subordinates perceptions of abusive supervisory behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(4), 512-519. Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E. D., Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 7-52. Crevani, L., Lindgren, M., Packendorff, J. (2010). Leadership, not leaders: On the study of leadership as practices and interactions. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(1), 77-86. Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P. (2010). Leadership styles and burnout: is there an association?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), 300-320. Yukl, G., Mahsud, R. (2010). Why flexible and adaptive leadership is essential. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(2), 81. Liu, J., Siu, O. L., Shi, K. (2010). Transformational leadership and employee well being: The mediating role of trust in the leader and self efficacy. Applied Psychology, 59(3), 454-479. Website Being the best leader you can be | MaST. (2016). Mast.co.uk. Retrieved 12 July 2016, from https://www.mast.co.uk/leadership-skills/being-best-leader-you-can-be?gclid=CI_c186r7c0CFUiVaAodXCcF_g

Angelo Badalamenti and Xxx Essay Example

Angelo Badalamenti and Xxx Essay Example Angelo Badalamenti and Xxx Essay Angelo Badalamenti and Xxx Essay I will always remember my last holidays. They were my longest holidays, and I think that I learnt how to spend the time. I enjoyed a lot with my friends, my family, and I met new people too, because I was in different places during the summer, and I wanted to meet people everywhere. The first place I visited was xxx, a town near xxx, because I was invited for some days by a cousin who has a house there. I went with some friends and cousins and we spent there just five days, but it was enough time to want to come back next summer! We stayed on the beach for hours, in the mornings, just lying and asleep, taking enough energy for the rest of the day and for the night! At night, we went out until next morning. We danced, met people, walked near the beach while we watched the moon in silence. Next, I went to xxx with my parents and my sister. Actually, I did not go to xxx, I went to xxx. We stayed there for four days, and it was really unforgettable. When I saw the park, I opened my eyes the most I could and I did not close them until the night at the apartman. I felt like a little child again Finally, I was in xxx. My parents looked for a really relaxing time, and we were on the beach for some days. There, we did not visit anything, we were there just to rest. After those days, we came back to xxx, and, unfortunately, we had to start our routines again

Grapes of Wrath Essay essays

Grapes of Wrath Essay essays In chapter seven of John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath, the used car salesmen are portrayed as immoral and heartless. The lack of quotation marks makes the salesmen seem less human. On page eighty-six, Steinbeck depicts both the point of view of the costumers, and the salesmen. The owners of the car dealerships mean solely to take advantage of poor buyers. They do not profit from selling cars that are of value, but rather from finding the poorest quality, used vehicle, giving it the appearance of reliability, and pawning it off on desperate farmers wishing to get to California. In the first paragraph imagery is used in the sentences, Hot sun on rusted metal. Oil on the ground. This instantly creates the image of a dirty, miserable environment. People are wandering in, bewildered, needing a car. The author use of diction tells the reader that the migrants are confused, and helpless. In the following paragraph, there are series of short, choppy commands and questions. These sentences represent the migrants inexperience with buying cars, and the perplexity it is causing. How do you buy a car? What does it cost? I wonder how much for this one? Well ask. It dont cost money to ask. The next statement, Cant pay a nickel over seventy-five, or we wont have enough to get to California, can be interpreted in two different ways. The costumer could literally mean that every penny saved will help them, or it could simply show the costumers original sternness on how much he would spend before the salesman started bargaining with him. The salesmen are char acterized as very greedy and manipulative people, which can be unmistakably seen in the sentence, God, if only I could get a hundred jalopies. I dont car if they run or not. In the following piece, personification is used to describe the used tires at the car dealership. ...

Reading reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading reflection - Coursework Example to be intellectually creative by having their ideas accepted as well as being offered matters to be concerned about intellectually, it gives them an opportunity to learn about the world with their general intellectual ability being stimulated as a happy side effect. In her article, she discusses issues such as learning environment, the role of a mentor or teacher as well as emotional and mental knowledge of the learner which are all significant in mentorship. Malcolm Gradwell’s book, tipping point entails application of epidemic phenomena in solving various social phenomena. The author illustrates that such a move is significant in restoring complexities and mysteries of the human behavior (Schmidt & Olson, 2008). He states that having knowledge of social phenomena as a wave helps in mystifying them other than considering them transparent. The knowledge achieved through reading the book helps mentors to understand that human behavior can be manipulated for the best. Knowledge of social phenomena is significant in understanding the behavior of the mentee and thereby manipulating it for the best. Colby and Damon’s article, â€Å"How moral commitment develops through life† explains the implication associated with the guidance of an adult which often occur mechanically. The authors argue that social influence is a more organic and an irregular process that remains closely in tune with the agenda of child development as w ell as taking place on numerous psychological processes (Damon & Colby, 1996). A mentor can offer simple encouragement or direct the attention of the child, friend or family friend. The authors offer the best approach in understanding the significant of mentorship to a friend or

Trend of Food Truck in University city of Philadelphia Research Paper

Trend of Food Truck in University city of Philadelphia - Research Paper Example result, communities across the country from Philadelphia to Los Angeles have become a crucial part of the ongoing movement of finding out better ways of managing and regulating mobile vending (Spelman, 2010). Lifestyle and policies are found to be the key elements that have led to the tremendous increase in the number of food trucks in the city. Most of the people in the city prefer fast foods especially considering the fact that the city has a consistently growing population of students because of the two major universities (Stadd, 2011). This can be supported by the fact that most of the food trucks in the city have been on campus stalwarts for many years though their numbers has dramatically increased in the recent past. This means that majority of the people eating in food trucks are youths and a persons who are below 40s who are usually casually dressed. Lack of clear policies regulating the business is also believed to be another key attribute of the immense boom of this business (Edge, 2012). Food trucks in the University City are more popular than the ordinary restaurants because of the variety of foods they offer at relatively lower prices. Most of them use large vehicles that are installed with high-tech cooking gadgets as well as sanitation devices that provide sophisticated and safe cuisine commonly prepared to order rather than being precooked. This gives food truck an upper hand in the food and service industry compared to ordinary restaurants. Therefore, local governments should introduce favorable policies that would regulate food trucks and that will incorporate food trucks into the fabric of the city (Ercolani,  2013). The proposed research study will be conducted using both quantitative and qualitative research methods, meaning that the researcher will use qualitative and quantitative research concepts. The targeted respondents in this case include 50 customers of the food trucks and 10 food truck companies. Using a hybrid of these two

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

History - Assignment Example A. Boxer rebellion is the outcome of a rebellious action from a group called ‘Boxers’ which was a Righteous and harmonist group in china. The main aim of this group was to get rid of all the foreign influence present in china and retain their own cultural heritage. During 1899, this group was battling against Christian foes in which many foreign officials got killed. This group was the reason for weakening the power of chin dynasty and also influenced the republic revolution which made china a republic nation. 4 . Lin Zexu -Lin Zexu was the scholar and official of high moral conduct in the Qing dynasty of china. He was famous for his ardent fight against the opium trade to protect his people from destruction. 5. Pu Yi – the Last Emperor of China – Pu Yi was the youngest Chinese emperor who was given the throne by the empress Dowager cixi in 1908.He was a cruel emperor and often tortured his servants for minor offences and was dethroned during the Chinese revolution. 6. Constitution of 1890 in Japan – The Japanese leaders in 1890 formed a constitution called â€Å"meji constitution† to impress the westerners of their power and strength. In this constitution the supreme power was with the emperor and other had minor rights to vote. 7. Treaty of Shimonoseki – This treaty is also known as Treaty of Maguan and was signed on April 17, 1895 between Japanese Empire and Qing Dynasty of China. According to this treaty the China mainly acknowledged the independence of Korea and renounced any belonging to

Coping With The Effects Of Rural Poverty Sociology Essay

Coping With The Effects Of Rural Poverty Sociology Essay Transformations in agriculture, natural resource management, exploited tourism, and absentee ranch ownership have changed the face of many rural communities. Several of these changes and other factors have led many rural communities to experience serious declines in their economies during the past decades. These changes have been exacerbated by recent economic hardships further depleting the economy and resources of rural communities. Thus, the precursors and consequences of poverty for families in these communities deserve attention. While Wilson (1987) brought the demographic changes related to urban poverty to light, larger explanations of rural poverty have been less of a research focus. Families living in rural communities are sometimes expected to be buffered by the effects of poverty by maintaining strong family and community connections. However, many of the changes related to family structures and community involvement that often lead to negative outcomes have also become ch aracteristics of rural living (MacTavish Salamon, 2003). In studying rural families in poverty, I propose two theoretical perspectives, symbolic interaction theory and social exchange theory that can help guide research and illuminate some of the issues related to families in poverty in such communities. Symbolic Interaction Theory Symbols are used by humans, according to their contexts, to describe the meaning behind physical objects and occurrences. Socialization is considered the propellant of symbols in society. Individuals comprehend situations through symbols and perceived roles of self and others. Human behaviors actualize through the process of perceiving symbols and roles (White Kline, 2002; Blumer, 1967; Mead). Thus, symbolic interaction theory emphasizes how people perceive themselves within and outside the family environment. Several assumptions are captured in this theory, including that people live in a symbolic world, people learn about selves through interactions with others, individuals have minds and can analyze the self, and people learn their roles within society from the society (White Kline, 2002). Thus, images and symbols are found throughout the ecological system, including how the individual perceives, family interactions, and community interactions found within a rural community. Sym bols about rural living are also carried throughout the broader macro system and expectations of the larger society. Symbolic interaction sheds light on rural families coping in poverty on two important fronts. First, understanding the symbols, meaning, and interactions related to poor families in the community can bring awareness to communities and hopefully allow for more social mobility among their residents. Second, understanding the symbols, meanings, and interactions within the family can help families sense of cohesion and ability to cope (Kaplan Hennon, 1990; Turner). Stigmatized symbols related to poverty are often made explicit as a person conducts their daily life. For example, using food stamps at the grocery store especially in a small community is in full view. A family in poverty cannot hide this in private life; there is typically not a front about this (Goffman, 1963). Poor youth in schools will confront meanings about the clothes they wear (name brand or not) and what it means to stand in line for a free or reduced lunch. Students from families who may be struggling to make ends meet may need to stay in after school programs which may also hold a negative connotation with other school youth (McLoyd et al. 2009; Pogash, 2008). These negative connections to symbols may follow families and youth throughout a lifetime in rural communities. For example, a parent may have a poor interaction with the youths school, not knowing how to navigate its systems. The school may then come to expect a childs poor actions and soon a youth may experience t his in the grocery store and throughout the community. These interactions may then be tied to a family name. This addresses one of the several mechanisms through which stratification in a community is maintained by legitimatizing certain stereotypes (source). These are beliefs that are widely accepted and taken for granted, for instance the meaning behind a family name. Furthermore, there may be symbolic people in the community who maintain power and perhaps perpetuate poverty within a community (Bourdieu, 1986). A person may be in charge of a manufacturing company and the workers must buy all manufactured owned products by shopping at the manufacturing grocery store. Then everything goes back into the system where a small group of people or one family retains power. For example, plantation owners gave low wage jobs to keep poor in their place and limited their education which equaled low literacy rates for workers. Thus, people in poverty cannot move upward. This has often also hap pen through racism in the US. Thus, it would be important to understand who has the symbolic power in a community and it may be important to trace this back further than expected in order to clearly understand the history of a region and how certain families have maintained power or even remained poor (Duncan, 1996). A lack of distrust of certain families can occur and arbitrary power can be carried over into the state of contemporary communities. Hence, people forget to see the political nature of their problems and poverty gets seen as a personal problem as highlighted through Mills (1956) concept on the sociological imagination. Finally, the researcher may meet with families to understand how symbols within their one family unit are carried out. This has been used as a helpful therapy tool for families in conflict. Many poor families experience extreme stress related to a lack of resources and so understanding the role strain within families and different meanings attributed to certain actions would also be important for families in poverty (Kaplan Hennon, 1990; Turner; Seccombe, 2006). Thus, regarding research questions, the researcher may pose several inquiries related to the symbolic power in the community and the symbolism related to being poor in the community. The researcher would ask about the certain families that have power in the community. What does it mean to live in a certain area of town? What actions are socially approved in the community? When do you feel like your family is not receiving social approval? How is social status distributed in the community? Also, family members would be asked how they view their specific situation within their family. What burdens do they experience because of their role in the family? What is the meaning behind certain conflicts in their family? Social Exchange Theory Social exchange theory can help researchers consider why families stay in their communities when there may be other alternatives out of poverty if they moved. Social exchange theory describes the characteristics and motivations for humans social behaviors by a system of perceived rewards and costs. Social exchange theory arose out of utilitarian ideas, emphasizing how people are motivated to act in relationships by maximizing their perceived rewards and minimizing their perceived costs. A reward is anything perceived as a benefit to an individual, family, or relational unit; costs are anything perceived as a reward forgone. Social exchange theory asserts that people rationally calculate while assessing decisions based on the profit ratio of costs and rewards (White Kline, 2002). Theorist such as Homans (1961) believed in generalized rewards that most people would adhere to he suggested social approval as the main generalized reward and motivator for humans. Other theorists have pro posed generalized rewards such as love, personal attraction, instrumental services, respect, and power (Blau, 1964), status, services, goods, information, and money (Foa Foa, 1980), autonomy, predictability, security, agreement, and equality of resources (Nye, 1979). Thus, a researcher would assume that a family would rationally calculate about why they decide to stay in a rural environment in poverty when there may be other alternatives. The researcher would want to understand how families situations may apply to the described rewards or costs above. The other alternatives for families must also be understood. The value and meaning of living in a rural community must be elucidated; thus, ideas related to symbolic interaction would also be employed to enhance understanding. On one hand, families choice to live in a rural environment may have higher benefits compared to the costs of living in an urban environment. We must understand what the costs mean to families. The benefits and costs may relate to rural living sentiments (Elder Conger, 2000). Rural families may view a huge cost associated with moving and starting over in a new community. A benefit for staying would be familiarity, perhaps a connection to the land, and social supports in the c ommunity (Elder Conger, 2000). However, a cost of living in the rural environment may be unsteady work and lack of job opportunities. We might also want to consider why poor young adults would choose to stay in the rural community versus leaving the rural community. The researcher would want to understand the costs and benefits of things associated with leaving and going. What are the social stigmas associated with staying or leaving? What job opportunities, educational attainment, marriage choices, and lifestyle choices exist relative to leaving or staying? We would also want to clearly understand the comparison levels of alternatives for the families in poverty. If they see limited job opportunities in new areas, the comparison level is low and they will not be motivated to move. This may be the case for young adults as well, if they view the comparison level of alternatives as low they will likely stay where they are. However, if the comparison level of alternatives is high, the y will likely move and change their situation (White Kline, 2002). Homans (1961) also thought people gravitate toward social equals as people can gain more social approval this way, what he labeled the cost of inferiority. This may help explain why certain parts of a town remain more poverty stricken as people with similar social and human capital gravitate toward one another. It might also be important to understand how this has worked out in community life in a rural environment. The researchers may also want to understand these choices at a larger macro level. In this view, parents, schools, and government make investments in the human and social capital of families and children (Haveman Wolfe, 1994; Strauss). Thus, the researcher may meet with community leaders to understand how they are investing in poor families and youth to understand their cost to benefit ratio. Do they see investments in the social mobility of families as reaping long term benefits that outweigh the social problems related to poverty? Regarding specific research questions, we would want to ask specifically what the advantages of staying in the rural community are. What are the costs of leaving and what are the costs of staying? We would want to clearly understand the meaning of the costs and rewards through in depth qualitative interviews. What does rural living mean to them? These would be similar questions also relevant to the symbolic interaction questions. What symbols are associated with moving and how does this lead to views related to costs or rewards? Why do families live in certain areas of the community? What are the cost and benefits to community leaders of helping poor families with social mobility? Related to the two theoretical perspectives, the types of data the researcher collects would also be important. Associated to symbolic interaction we would want to do in depth observations in the community trying to understand the different symbols related to statuses and families in the community. This would require observations at several institutions; the researchers would meet with people from all different power statuses within the community. We would hopefully gain access to the private life of several families where perhaps less filtering is done (Goffman, 1963). We may ask many clarifying questions related to the symbols and reflect on our own biases about these symbols. We would want to look for places within the community and related to different families where these symbols matched or had discrepancies. Related to social exchange theory, we would likely gain the most information from the in-depth interviews with families and young adults understanding the exact costs and b enefits these families associate with their lives. Our work with symbolic interaction theory would most likely enhance our understanding of the benefits and rewards related to these families as they reflect on why they stay or go. Data should also be collected on community leaders regarding their views of the costs and benefits related to assisting poor families in their community. Limitations The suggested theories may lead the researcher to many interesting questions and data collection efforts, however, the suggested theories also pose several limitations. Social exchange theory for instance is a bit behaviorist, implying all human interaction is a response to a benefit/cost ratio. Researchers must account for the symbols related to rewards and costs as rewards may be unseen and not understood by others. A closed system of understanding rewards may be found in several communities (Acock). Clearly defining rewards and costs would be an important first step before asserting research entirely from a social exchange theorists view point. Clearly, this is an area where symbolic interaction could enhance social exchange theory. Furthermore, asserting that humans always act rationally may be an overstatement. Social exchange theory may also not account for individuals of younger ages who have not fully developed their ability to calculate rationally. Social exchange theory also asserts that individuals are motivated by their own self-interests, some theorists have allowed for people to act in the best interest of their families but clearly understanding the mechanisms of how an individuals desires transform into the familys self-interest may pose a hardship in research (White Kline, 2002). Understanding these explicit processes is an area for future research. Additionally, decisions based on the profit/cost ratio may be made sub-consciously and bringing this subconscious information into the forefront of research may also pose challenges. However, it is important to examine the cost and rewards associated with why people choose to stay in or leave rural communities as these reasons are critical for the econ omic vitality and in understanding how to encourage others to move or stay within their community. Understanding these motivations for young adults and youth who will be the face of rural communities in the future is especially important. Understanding the exchanges for families in poverty is also important to ascertain mechanisms that may help their social mobility. Symbolic interaction may also pose limitations in this study. Symbolic interaction does not deal very well with how people handle emotions (White Kline, 2002). When looking at coping in poverty, emotions certainly play a large role in how families deal with their situation. Furthermore, this type of research is hard to generalize to other communities or cultures as the symbols used are likely only highly relevant to the community being researched. Symbolic interaction also emphasizes the importance of meaning to individuals how the individual views others, is viewed by others, and behaves related to meaning. As this research is specifically studying families, it may be hard to keep the unit of analysis as a family group. Symbolic interaction tends to view the family as a collection of individuals. This may or may not pose issues with the research depending on the unit of analysis of interest.

Istanbul: Memories and the City: Prhan Pamuk Essay -- Yahya Kemal, Ahm

Orhan Pamuk’s Istanbul: Memories and the City represents the first twenty-two years of his life using various approaches from autobiographical details of his own childhood memories, photographs from his family album, newspaper articles, paintings and writings on Istanbul by luminaries from different walks of life. Pamuk, appears intermittently as both the narrator and author who narrates his experiences of the city. The four famous Turkish stalwarts, Yahya Kemal, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Abdulhak Sinasi Hisar and Resat Ekrem Kocu, played a prominent role in the creation of Pamuk’s Istanbul hence providing him with an Istanbul he has never seen. Throughout the narrative, he refers to various Turkish and foreign authors who have lived, visited and written about his city. Although they had different styles, what these writers had in common was the love for the city. All four were influenced by the French tradition and attempted to express their feelings for Istanbul using Western style of writing. The writings of these four writers have provided Pamuk with the perspective of an Istanbul that he did not experience even though he has been staying there since his birth. These writers, who had witnessed the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the birth of the Turkish Republic, aimed to reinvent the identity of their city. Their aim was to create an image for Istanbul to which the people of the Turkish Republic could relate. In their attempt to create a national image for their city, these writers went into the poor back streets of Istanbul. The ruins, poverty and neglect dominating those parts of the city functioned like witnesses of the adversities that the city and its people had undergone. The ruins of the Ottoman Empire were consoling memo... ...hose parts of his city like a foreigner. He can thus become his own Westerner in the old neighborhoods, where he can feel like a stranger in the city where he has lived since his birth. The foreign gaze enables Pamuk to see the city as a new one, and explore it in a very peculiar manner because now a broken building means more than it did earlier. Before he read Gautier’s book about his experience in Istanbul a broken building was just a building destroyed due to the fall of the Empire, but now it has huzun, poetry and various other things that Pamuk can add to his narrative about his city of Istanbul. Works Cited Hande, Gurses. â€Å"Out of Place in Istanbul.† London: Ubiquity Press, 2010. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. Pamuk, Orhan, and Maureen Freely. Istanbul: Memories and the City. New York: Vintage International, 2006. Print.

Elderly Co-culture Interview Essay

â€Å"Everything has changed since I was your age†, is what my grandmother had to say when asked about her experience growing up. My grandmother, Mrs. Ruby Parker Sloan was born on December 6th, 1943 in a small town in Ohio. She was raised in a small farmhouse along with 4 sisters. Her mother was a usual woman of her time; one that stayed at home with the children, cooked, cleaned and maintained the house. Her father was also a usual man of his time; one that worked throughout the hours of the day in order to provide for his family-a man that had been working since the age of 9 years old. My grandmother has raised 4 children, including myself; so she has seen firsthand the changes and differences in not only her and my generations, but the generations in between. She has experienced the changes of racism, technology, parenting, morals, warfare and many other aspects of our society. For her, she felt society as a whole has changed dramatically. One of her main concerns of the differences of now and then was the differences in parenting. She pointed out that during her time it was unheard of for there to be a school shooting similar to that of the Columbine or Virginia Tech incidents. She felt that had a lot to do with parenting itself; that parents were obviously not concerned with their children and/or not involved enough in their lives to know that they were planning to commit a mass murder of their peers with weapons stored under their own roof. Another point that concerned her was the difference in child discipline. She is a firm believer in â€Å"whipping† your child rather than â€Å"no, no† and the notorious â€Å"five second count† used by parents today. She stated that children need to understand the consequences to certain actions†¦most of which can cause harm to themselves or others. One thing she said about her experience as a parent was â€Å"Some kids just need a good spankin‘â€Å". My grandmother told me that you would never see a child telling their parents â€Å"no† or â€Å"I hate you† during her time, it just didn’t happen. â€Å"There was a level of respect between children and their parents then, something that a lot of kids today just don’t have any more†¦that’s the parents’ fault† is what she told me. Today’s culture was something my grandmother felt strongly about. She felt that one of the downfalls of our culture today was the promotion of sex everywhere you turn, which â€Å"especially influences the young ones of today† she stated. She felt that this advertising in music, television, and everywhere else you go only teaches kids the pleasure and excitement of sex itself instead of the morality and consequences involved. My grandmother continued to tell me a scenario where she was driving to the store a few weeks ago and she heard a song with the chorus â€Å"birthday sex† and that the person singing it sounded very young. â€Å"What the hell is that all about† she said. â€Å"It’s terrible how these adults that promote and advertise this stuff are okay with it† she stated. My grandmother said television didn’t even show pregnant women on it when she was growing up, her parents also slept in different beds during that time. Elvis Presley was looked upon badly by parents of her time because of the sexual nature of his dancing. â€Å"You can’t even turn to the family channel without seeing a show about a pregnant teenager or some sort of sexual thing going on†¦it’s just sad† she said. She also felt that this promotion of sex to kids and young adults was the cause of self esteem issues and that it was also the culprit for a lot of kids these days â€Å"thinkin’ they’re grown because sex is such a cool and grown up thing to do†. Sex these days, to her, is doing nothing but sending the wrong message to young adults about self appearance and decision making when it comes down to right or wrong. When my grandmother was growing up technology was, a fortunate family on the street owning a black and white television. There was no email, texting, cell-phones, etc. People still solely relied on the old fashioned stamp and envelope method†¦or even a more advanced version†¦the telegram. My grandmother always mentions how much she loves her high definition, flat screen television; something she could never imagine existing as a child. My grandmother always seems to be amazed by technology today, and it also seems she is usually ten years behind the understanding of today’s technology. During our conversation, she continually referred to her DVD player as a â€Å"VCR†. She also seemed amazed by the advancement in today’s computer and video games to that of even when I was a child with a first generation Nintendo. My grandmother has been around to go from the record player, 8track player, cassette player, CD player, all the way to the digital MP3 players that can hold thousands of songs in something half the size of a deck of cards, â€Å"it just amazes me†¦technology today†¦just imagine where it will be when you’re [me] my age! † she said. Talking to my grandmother in an interview fashion was a very interesting experience. It gave me insight on a different time that was experienced by someone†¦a time that has passed and will never be relived the same. It caused me to think of how I am at the same point in my life that she was at my age; it also caused me to wonder how things will differ from today and two generations from now. Society has changed drastically since my grandmothers’ generation and it will continue to grow throughout mine the same†¦hopefully for the better, but I guess it’s all about who you ask.

A Guide to Vertical Lists

A Guide to Vertical Lists A Guide to Vertical Lists A Guide to Vertical Lists By Mark Nichol A recent post described how to organize and format in-line lists, those that occur within a sentence. This one explains the proper use of vertical lists, which are organized by setting the items on the list (following an introductory phrase or sentence), apart from each other, distinguished by numbers, letters, or other symbols, on consecutive lines. Vertical lists are best employed in place of in-line lists when the list is long and/or the items consist of longer phrases or even complete sentences (or even more than one sentence). However, vertical lists are often useful in contexts in which guidance or instruction is being offered, though they are most effective when they are concise, and extended list items are not advised. If list items consist of more than one sentence, the information might be better displayed as regular text. The following vertical list (too simple to be formatted as such but used here for illustrative purposes), is offered as a basic example: The colors of the American flag are red, white, and blue. (Note: This and other correct lists in this post are formatted in boldface.) Just as is the case with an in-line list, if one or more items in a vertical list itself requires a comma, each item should be set off from the others by a semicolon. Note that despite the vertical-list formatting, because the introductory phrase and the list constitute a syntactically organized sentence, the introductory phrase is not punctuated, but terminal punctuation follows the final item. (Some publishers, however, simplify this format by omitting especially the conjunction and perhaps the commas as well.) However, compare the previous example with a version in which the introductory phrase constitutes a complete independent clause: The colors of the American flag are as follows: red white blue Here, the introductory phrase and the list do not constitute a sentence, so the list items are not punctuated. Terminal punctuation is included, however, and first word of each list item is capitalized, if the items are themselves self-contained sentences: Although the colors of the American flag did not have any official meaning when it was designed, the colors on the Great Seal represent the following virtues: White signifies purity and innocence. Red signifies hardiness and valor. Blue signifies vigilance, perseverance, and justice. Note how the sentences in the list are organized consistently. In the following examples, the list items must be revised to make the list syntactically consistent: According to our survey, the top three factors are lax enforcement of budgets and savings being spent in other areas, invalid savings assumptions or changes in the assumptions used to calculate savings, and realized savings are not being effectively tracked. Note how the first two items follow the syntactical structure of the introductory phrase but the third one is an independent clause. The list can be rendered consistent in two ways: According to our survey, the top three factors are lax enforcement of budgets and savings being spent in other areas, invalid savings assumptions or changes in the assumptions used to calculate savings, and ineffective tracking of realized savings. According to our survey, these are the top three factors: Budget enforcement is lax and savings are being spent in other areas. Savings assumptions are invalid or there are changes in the assumptions used to calculate savings. Realized savings are not being effectively tracked. Avoid producing vertical lists in which to or more list items begin with the same word or words, as in this example: In this session, you will learn how to get business processes and systems to scale to business growth, how to build out a financial team to drive and support growth, how to build these important pillars within an audit/business controls mind-set, and securing/managing financing to support corporate growth strategy. To revise, incorporate the recurring word or phrase into the introductory phrase and revise any list items that begin with different wording so that they conform with the others, as shown here: In this session, you will learn how to get business processes and systems to scale to business growth, build out a financial team to drive and support growth, build these important pillars within an audit/business controls mind-set, and secure/manage financing to support corporate growth strategy. Note, too, that any symbol may be used in place of bullets, but the same symbol should be employed throughout not only a single vertical list but also all such lists throughout a document or publication. If one or more items in a vertical list marked by bullets are followed by subsidiary items of their own, a distinct symbol (such as a hollow bullet) should be used for those items, which should also be indented farther than the primary list items. Sometimes, no symbols are used at all, but this strategy is best employed if the items are brief and numerous, such as in a vocabulary list consisting of one- or two-word items. (In addition, a vertical list in which items are short can be formatted into two or more narrow columns if the width of the printed or online page is wide enough to accommodate them.) Also, numbers and letters may be substituted for bullets, but numbers are recommended only when the items in the list should be read in a particular order, such as when outlining a procedure or ranking the list items. Letters are appropriate primarily for multiple-choice test items, for example, or when the text includes frequent cross-references such as â€Å"See item d.† A basic outline-style vertical list can be organized using a simple hierarchy of Arabic numerals and lowercase letters. For a complex outline, the recommended hierarchy of numbers and letters varies according to various style manuals and writing handbooks, but The Chicago Manual of Style advises the following sequence: Roman numerals (I, II, III, and so on), capital letters (A, B, C, and so on), Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, and so on), lowercase letters (a, b, c, and so on) followed by a close parenthesis, Arabic numerals enclosed in parentheses, lowercase letters enclosed in parentheses, and lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, and so on) followed by a close parenthesis. Another outline format is the decimal outline, as shown below (appropriate indentation not used here): 1. 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2 1.2.1 . . . 1.3 1.3.1 . . . 2. 2.1 . . . Ultimately, the goal of any list organization is clarity. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should Know8 Proofreading Tips And Techniques"Wracking" or "Racking" Your Brain?

Stephen Crane essays

Stephen Crane essays Stephen Crane, Born November 1st, 1871 into a middle class New Jersey family, he was the youngest of fourteen children (About Stephen Crane 1). Brought up to be a baseball player by his father, a Methodist minister, the Crane family re-located to upstate New York (About Stephen Crane 1). Stephen attended Lafayette College, and Syracuse University to play baseball (About Stephen Crane 1). Crane realized he could not make a living with his baseball, so he turned back to New Jersey where he found his calling as a writer. Here he became one of the greatest inventors of his time by originating two styles of writing. One Realism, which is a theory in literature emphasizing scientific observation of life without idealization or the avoidance of the ugly, and two, Naturalism, a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings (Anderson 439). Based on Stephen Cranes experiences in war, and in the city, he pioneered a tr ue naturalistic style of writing. In the spring of 1891, Stephen Crane began working at a news agency reporting on the slums of New York (About Stephen Crane 1). While doing this, Crane experienced many different life styles of people. Stephen Crane was able to gather many of the variations of lifestyles to put on paper and create his first novel, Maggie: A girl of the streets. Maggie: A girl of the streets, a story about a slum prostitute and her downfall in life, came about while Crane was reporting for the Herald and the Tribune (Anderson 439). He was constantly in the dirty saloons of New York experiencing first hand what he wrote about in Maggie (Anderson 439). Even though Cranes first novel was very unsuccessful in stores, in a way, it helped Crane. Maggie: A girl of the streets was the first story to portray the dirty slums of New York (Anderson 439). This novel also revealed Crane as a pioneer of Naturalism, and Re ...

Dennis Covington's 'Salvation on Sand Mountain' Essay

Dennis Covington's 'Salvation on Sand Mountain' - Essay Example The purpose was to cover the trial of Glendel Buford Summerford who was charged guilty of murdering his own wife with a snake. The scenes are powerful and spectacular. Summerford’s own wife isn’t aware of how exactly his name is spelled, if the N is single or is it double. There is an old woman referred to as Aunty Daisy by everyone, was pacing up and down the room making predictions. She was predicting that God will send Summerford out of jail. Even creepy was the presence of some women who would keep pictures of their favorite snakes in their pockets. In the trial that followed, Summerford gets convicted and imprisoned towards the end of chapter two. That was that about him after which he wasn’t seen as such. What follows is Dennis Covington’s growing obessesion and fascination with handling snakes. He slowly accepted the guarded and suspicious community of â€Å"Jesus-Onlys†. Ironically, Glenn Summerford was a part of this community as well. There are only two ways in which an alien culture can be dealt with.. Either one patronizes it and dismisses it or becomes romantic and starry eyed about it. Convington had a skill which even anthropologists don’t. He started recognizing the snake holders as entities who had their own culture and who should be respected and understood on their own terms. There is reference to drinking strynchnine only when one feels that he is living life the right way. The statement does make sense if one believes that God protects those who have a strong relation with him. Snake handlers tend to be very easy targets of ridicule and mockery. However Covington resists the mockery. He doesn’t try to make fun of their poor grammar, their strange interpretation and readings of the bible and their creepy living conditions. However this doesn’t mean that he was under the impression that they were â€Å"noble and persecuted people†. They may have been

Peer review form Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer review form - Assignment Example Nonetheless, the paper does follow the direction of the thesis because the following paragraphs are related to the thesis. The first part of the introduction is well crafted because it starts by introducing the paper. The writer uses suspense to hook the reader up, and this is effective. For instance, in the introduction, the writer avoids availing all the information about the story which compels the reader to read the other parts. Thus, they are effective, and almost require no suggestion. 3. How does the writer use textual evidence and analysis to back up his or her claim? Comment on several examples and offer any suggestions that you have. Do you think that the writer â€Å"digs deeply† into the text (vertical thinking)? Why or why not? What are some of the implications that the writer draws from the examples? In a bid to back up claims, the writer quotes from the story. For instance, to show the relationship between animals and danger, the writer states that the doctor kept two animals: a cheetah and a baboon. Another entails the snake which is portrayed as sharing similar traits with one Roylott because of the ruthlessness demonstrated. The suggestion is that author ought to have indicated the page numbers where direct quotations were used. The writer had dug deeply and this is confirmed by the implications such as humans resembling humans in terms of characteristics. 4. Comment on the organization of the paper. Is it logical and clear, why or why not? Is each paragraph unified around one main idea, indicated by a topic sentence? Note any issues that you see concerning paragraph unity, general organization or awkward transitions? Offer suggestion where appropriate. Notwithstanding the use of examples, the paper’s organization is poor. Whereas the overall message is clear and logical paragraphs are poorly arranged. For instance, there is no indication

Sleepless In Seattle (The Movie) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sleepless In Seattle (The Movie) - Essay Example She was his perfect match. He knew it since he touched her hand for the first time. It was like magic, he says. He doesn’t believe it may happen twice in life. He decides to begin the life from a clean page and leaves for Seattle, where he buys a boat house. He’s got a wonderful 8-year-old son Jonah, who worries about him. On Christmas Eve Jonah calls the radio and speaks to Dr. Marcia about his father, who doesn’t sleep and denies having any dates. Jonah thinks his father needs a wife. Dr. Marcia feels that Sam is seriously depressed and invites him to communication. When Jonah goads his father to the phone, Sam, first reluctantly, speaks about his wife. He tells about her and their relationships in simple words that touch all the female hearts. He speaks of the magic every woman dreams of. As a result, he gets about 2,000 letters with proposals from women living all over the USA. He even agrees to date with one of them, hyena-like laughing Victoria. Annie Reed (Ryan) is a newspaper feature writer, who loves to watch romantic old movies and is going to marry a man, offering her stability and certainty. Bill Pullman, playing her fiancà ©, what Hollywood calls "the Bellamy role" (â€Å"decent but dull suitors always nudged aside so that hero and heroine could go off together†) is a perfect nuisance, dull and boring. She persuades herself that there is no romantic in the world and we should live using our common sense. When she hears Sam’s story, something clicks in her head. She thinks of him, and at last writes a letter, offering to meet in New York at the Empire State building, as it was planned by the characters of the old movie she likes best of all. An Affair to Remember, which inspired Ephron and makes all the females in the film cry, had a tragic end, while Sleepless in Seattle doesn’t leave any doubt as to the happy end. Besides, Annie goes to Seattle to look at Sam and really likes him.

My Antonia by Willa Cather Essay Example for Free

My Antonia by Willa Cather Essay Based on the novel, Jim Burden’s observation of Antonia and even the way he looks at her and interacts with her, it seems clear that he loved Antonia. He did not pursue her, however. Jim spent his childhood in his grandfather’s house in the prairie and spent a lot of time with Antonia. Eventually, in the second book, he spends more time with Antonia and also with the girls working in town. It is at this time that he notices the sexuality of Antonia. Hence, his descriptions of Antonia, and later of Lena, become charged with sexuality. Jim Burden’s relationship with Antonia remained platonic first, because Antonia put emphasis on the four years difference they had and looked down at Jim as her junior. Hence, Jim felt that Antonia looked down on him as a child. When he turned his attention to Lena Lingard, she decided to toy with the young man’s feelings. Antonia had to intervene to prevent Jim from being heartbroken. The relationship between Antonia and Jim remained platonic, at least on the surface. Jim did not see through the defenses set up by Antonia to prevent their being linked romantically together. But since Jim turned his attention to Lena, Antonia felt that she should protect the emotions of Jim. Jim and Antonia are connected with the threads of childhood and of the friendship of growing up together. But Jim, being an orphan and a man, has to study and pursue his dreams for himself. His education and the very act of pursuing his dreams stand in the way between him and Antonia. Years later when he goes back and finds Antonia with her husband and her ten children, he feels affectionate to them yet he adds a wistful longing by saying that Antonia and he â€Å"possessed together the precious, the incommunicable past. † In the end, that was what they shared together. Works Cited Cather, Willa. My Antonia. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1954.

With close reference Search for my tongue written by Sujata Bhatt, and

With close reference Search for my tongue written by Sujata Bhatt, and Still I rise by Maya Angelou both explore the effective With close reference â€Å"Search for my tongue† written by Sujata Bhatt, and â€Å"Still I rise† by Maya Angelou both explore the effectiveness of their celebration of culture and traditions. The two poems are about both poets reflecting upon how important it is to keep in touch with cultures and traditions, to be proud of who you are and where you come from. â€Å"Still I Rise† by Maya Angelou, a confident defiant woman with lots of personality, pumps her sassiness into the poem to do nothing but inspire and move us. It is an inspiring poem about the poet herself overcoming great obstacles which her and her family has fought against all their lives. Her poem is a call to have pride in yourself no matter what you are, or where you come from. It evokes a feeling of great human spirit and, you can't but pay attention to the possibility that it is dedicated to one particular culture or race, the black slaves. Angelou’s strong personality mirrors the way in which she decided to set the poem out in rhyming verse. It’s strong, yet upbeat bouncy feel cries to be read out aloud which also reflects her powerful, independent personality. Her defiance immediately starts to shine from the first stanza. After all the negativity, â€Å"†¦bitter, twisted lies†, â€Å"†¦trod me in the very dirt† she will still get up and rise against it all, not letting anyone control her. From such a negative stanza she moves on to an energetic tone in stanza three. She uses nature â€Å"Just like moons and like stars† to bring out a buoyant optimistic tone; by using the certainty of nature she is conveying the message that no one ... ...e of Gujarat in â€Å"Search for my tongue† and with the strong bouncy rhythm in â€Å"Still I rise† both poems scream to be read out loud. â€Å"It grows back, a stump of a shoot† Like Angelou, Bhatt also uses nature to bring out the uplifting tone of the poem. She conveys the idea that nature is certain, the rain will always come back in April and the sun will always come back to shine in June. She then uses positive repetition â€Å"†¦ the bud opens, the bud opens†¦Ã¢â‚¬  bringing an energetic flow into the poem the use of repetition also adds excitement and tension building to an immensely powerful metaphor â€Å"It blossoms in my mouth†. Sujata Bhatt finishes the elevating moving poem on a high note. Angelou and Bhatt explore both the ups and downs of their lives but both of the poets end their poems with them defeating their problems and worries and standing up for their rights.

Jimmy Carter :: essays research papers

Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter was born on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia. He was the first president to be born in the hospital (the Wise Clinic in Plains). His parents were James Earl Carter (born 1894, died 1953), and Lillian Gordy Carter (born 1898, died 1983). Jimmy had 3 siblings, Ruth Carter (Stapleton), Gloria Carter (Spann), and William Alton (Billy) Carter. Jimmy Carter’s ancestry was English, his religion is Baptist. He went to the following schools: - Plains High school, Georgia (1929-1941) - Georgia Southwestern College, Americus, Georgia (1941-1942) - Georgia Institute of Technology (1942-1943? - United States Naval Academy, Annapolis (1943-1946 *class of 1947*) - Union College, Schenectady, New York (1952-1953) Some of Jimmy Carter’s favorites are: Sports and hobbies - Played Basket ball in Plains High school - Ran cross-country & played under-140 lb. football at Annapolis. - Life-long tennis player - Plays softball, billiards, bowls, fishes, hunts( especially wild turkey, quail, and dove) - Rode a motorcycle before entering politics - To keep in shape, rides a bicycle, jogs, plays tennis. - Dances with Rosalynn - Favorite spectator sport is basketball Breakfast - Orange juice, coffee, fruit, and cereal. Sometimes pancakes. Food - Sirloin steak, medium rare - Any kind of fish or poultry - Corn bread - Any vegetables except beans - Salad with Roquefort dressing - Frozen yogurt Hymns - The Navy Hymn "Eternal Father Strong to Save" - "Amazing Grace" - "Blest Be the Tie That Binds" Color - Blue Gift to receive (as a youth) - Books Books - Let Us Now Praise Famous Men by James Agee - War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy Poet - Dylan Thomas - Miller Williams Philosopher - Paul Tillich - Reinhold Niebuhr - Soren Kierkegaard Bible quote "Behold I stand at the door and knock: if any man hear my voice and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me." (Revelations 3:20) Some of his occupations were: Served in U.S. Navy to rank of lieutenant, 1946-53; farmer, warehouseman, Plains 1953-77; member of Georgia Senate 1963-1967; Governor of Georgia 1971- 1975; president of the United States 1977-1981; University Professor, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 1982-presodent. Upon graduation in 1946 from the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, Carter married Rosalynn Smith. They had three sons, John William (Jack), James Earl III (Chip), Donnel Jeffrey (Jeff), and a daughter, Amy Lynn. After serving as a Naval Officer for 7 years, Carter returned to plains, and in 1962 he entered state politics. 8 years later he was elected Governor of Georgia. As a governor, he strongly emphasized ecology, efficiency in government, and the removal of racial barriers.

‘In the Country of men’ by Hisham Matar Essay

‘In the Country of men’ by Hisham Matar elicits the condition of survival in an oppressive society. The concept of loyalty and betrayal is at the heart of the novel. It values the characters that fight to hold on to the people and things they value no matter the cost. The struggle between loyalty and betrayal is denoted in the novel by relationship between Faraj and Moosa, friends and family and Ustath Rashid and Faraj. The struggle between loyalty and betrayal is illustrated through the bond amid Faraj and Moosa. After Faraj returns from the torture of the revolutionary committee, Moosa says he ‘can’t bear looking at him†¦The betrayal in his eyes’ because Faraj ‘melted like butter’ when interrogated by the revolutionary committee. Moosa perceives this as betrayal since so many others have died including ‘the students closest to us’ for his cause. Moosa ‘looked up to him like an older brother’, and ‘wo uld give [his] life for him’, but after this incident he was too ashamed to look at his face, Moosa says ‘his voice scorches me. This is worse than death†¦ this is the blackest day of my life’. Thus he cannot cope with Faraj’s failure; he grapples to sustain his allegiance to Faraj and soon afterwards deports to Egypt. The Relationship between friends and family further demonstrates the struggle between loyalty and betrayal. When Najwa’s friend’s salma’s husband is taken away, Najwa withdraws her friendship and even instructs her son that ‘this is a time for walking besides the wall.’ On one hand, this can be seen as a great betrayal between the two friends, as Najawa is effectively abandoning Salma in her time of greatest need, however conversely it illustrates her undying loyalty to her family. Rather than compromising her family safety, she is willing to cease all interaction with the girl for that is described as ‘two lost sisters who had finally found each other’. Ustath Rashid’s does not betray his friend Faraj at any cost. Ustath Rashid refuses to implicate his friend Faraj as the originator and the leader of the ‘resistance group’. The ‘Democracy Now’ book Suleiman rescues from the fire was initially gifted to Faraj by Ustath Rashid. It is inscribed ‘To my eternal friend and comrade†¦With my undying loyalty’ and thus Rashid keeps his word as this friendship means more than his own life to him. Thus when he is publically interrogated before the execution, Rashid lies to protect Faraj, saving his life even when he cannot save his, knowing there is a family out there who will be losing a husband.

Free Essays on Advantages of Online Learning

Advantages of online learning Small class size means one-on-one instructor guidance and personalized communication. The big difference is that there's no classroom to go to. There's no commute. You'll never have conflicts with family obligations, business travel or vacations. There's no chance of arriving late or missing a class because of illness. You don't even have to comb your hair if you don't want to! Ignore the clock. Come whenever it's convenient for you. Your course is conducted according to a schedule, but there are no "live" classes to attend. Instead, lectures, coursework, assignments, questions, discussion, all take place at your convenience - online. Plus, you'll receive personalized instructor feedback, and share insights and information with fellow online students. You choose the hour of day (or night) to attend class. You choose the place - at home, at work - wherever you have access to a computer, modem and an Internet Service Provider (ISP). Except for turning in assignments when they're due, your schedule is totally up to you. It is basically quality education without giving up quality time. Online courses are an exceptionally accessible, flexible resource whether your goal is professional advancement, personal enrichment or earning transferable degree credits. You'll get the same high-quality instruction and course content that you demand, but without the day-to-day obstacles that prevent so many of us from pursuing our opportunities. Universities should start offering most of their classes online. Teachers could have more free time and in turn become better teachers.... Free Essays on Advantages of Online Learning Free Essays on Advantages of Online Learning Advantages of online learning Small class size means one-on-one instructor guidance and personalized communication. The big difference is that there's no classroom to go to. There's no commute. You'll never have conflicts with family obligations, business travel or vacations. There's no chance of arriving late or missing a class because of illness. You don't even have to comb your hair if you don't want to! Ignore the clock. Come whenever it's convenient for you. Your course is conducted according to a schedule, but there are no "live" classes to attend. Instead, lectures, coursework, assignments, questions, discussion, all take place at your convenience - online. Plus, you'll receive personalized instructor feedback, and share insights and information with fellow online students. You choose the hour of day (or night) to attend class. You choose the place - at home, at work - wherever you have access to a computer, modem and an Internet Service Provider (ISP). Except for turning in assignments when they're due, your schedule is totally up to you. It is basically quality education without giving up quality time. Online courses are an exceptionally accessible, flexible resource whether your goal is professional advancement, personal enrichment or earning transferable degree credits. You'll get the same high-quality instruction and course content that you demand, but without the day-to-day obstacles that prevent so many of us from pursuing our opportunities. Universities should start offering most of their classes online. Teachers could have more free time and in turn become better teachers....

Free Essays on More Than Base Ball

he loves to pitch so that the batter doesn’t know what he is throwing. â€Å"His technique how to vary the avoidance,† (L4) is saying that he has to pitch different pitches that will keep the batter from making contact with the ball. In lines five and six Francis writes, â€Å"The others throw to be comprehended. He throws to be a moment misunderstood.† By that, he is talking about the other players on the field. They throw simply to another player, not strategically throwing the ball to make a batter a moment off guard. In the next two lines of the poem, Francis uses connotation and alliteration. â€Å"Yet not too much, Not errant, arrant, wild, But every seeming aberration willed.† (L7-8) The use of errant and arrant is both connotation and alliteration. Connotation is the significance of a word in addition to its actual meaning. T... Free Essays on More Than Base Ball Free Essays on More Than Base Ball More Than Baseball Pitchers and poets all have the same goal; to be eccentric, avoid the obvious, to be a moment misunderstood, and no to be errant, arrant, or wild. Robert Francis’ poem, â€Å"The Pitcher,† (653) uses these words to describe a baseball pitcher. Not only is he describing a pitcher, he is describing the criteria of writing a poem. This poem was published in 1953 during baseball’s peak in popularity and back when the game was still innocent. Francis’ use of the paradox in â€Å"The Pitcher,† seizes this normal poem about a baseball position and coverts it into something much more unique. This poem describes the pitcher in all of its lines. In the first four lines, Francis reveals the pitchers art, aim, passion, and technique. â€Å"His art is to be eccentric† (L1), which means that his art is to be odd or to act different. â€Å"His aim is to not hit the mark he seems to aim at,† (L2) meaning that he is aiming at the strike zone, but throwing where the batter will miss the ball. â€Å"His passion is to avoid the obvious,† (L3) in other words he loves to pitch so that the batter doesn’t know what he is throwing. â€Å"His technique how to vary the avoidance,† (L4) is saying that he has to pitch different pitches that will keep the batter from making contact with the ball. In lines five and six Francis writes, â€Å"The others throw to be comprehended. He throws to be a moment misunderstood.† By that, he is talking about the other players on the field. They throw simply to another player, not strategically throwing the ball to make a batter a moment off guard. In the next two lines of the poem, Francis uses connotation and alliteration. â€Å"Yet not too much, Not errant, arrant, wild, But every seeming aberration willed.† (L7-8) The use of errant and arrant is both connotation and alliteration. Connotation is the significance of a word in addition to its actual meaning. T...

Baffled by choosing keywords for your LinkedIn Profile HEADLINE

Baffled by choosing keywords for your LinkedIn Profile HEADLINE Many people are flummoxed when it comes to choosing a LinkedIn profile headline.   What keywords should they include?   How do you get that up and down symbol ( or a Tagline / Unique Selling Proposition (USP)? This article will mainly address the last question:   Keywords or USP?   The answer to the question depends on your main goal with your LinkedIn profile. Below you will find several situations you might be in.   Find yourself as closely as possible and handle your headline in the most appropriate way for your situation.   If you don’t find yourself exactly, find the nearest match and adjust from there. 1.   You are a job seeker and you want to be found in searches.* If you are a job seeker, your main goal is probably to be found and contacted by recruiters and hiring managers.   If so, you need to focus on keywords in your headline.   Keywords are the terms a recruiter would be searching for if looking for someone like you. The prevailing wisdom is to choose 4-5 words as keywords and leave it at that.   Adding extra words or extra characters like your email address may serve to dilute the effectiveness of your headline. Examples of good headlines are: Manufacturing Supply Chain Executive | Asia Procurement Contract Specialist | Treasury Manager Account Executive | OEM Sales | Field Sales | Territory Manager Director Communications | Branding | Online Marketing | Social Media Note these headlines zero in on the most essential keywords and do not add any fluff to dilute their impact. Some job seekers write â€Å"Open to New Opportunities† in their headline.   Some recruiters actually search on the term â€Å"opportunities† and might find you that way.   Other recruiters will skip over you if you put that phrase in your headline.   My advice is to try it one way, and if you’re not getting the attention you want, try it another way.   That’s the beauty of social media †¦Ã‚   nothing is ever engraved in stone. 2.   You are a job seeker and your main goal is to look good when people find you. Perhaps you are currently employed and doing a very selective and confidential job search.   Or perhaps you want people to look for you primarily after you have contacted them.   If so, you may not particularly be looking to be found in searches.   In this situation, you have more flexibility when crafting your headline.   I recommend that you write your job title and a catchy phrase, tagline, or Unique Selling Proposition. Examples: High-Powered Financial and Analytical Trainer | Propelling International Business Teams to the Top Program, Process and Project Manager | Creating and Implementing Innovative Technological Solutions Managed Care Professional | Building relationships with attention and integrity For more ideas on catchy headlines, see my article, Your LinkedIn Profile *HEADLINE* What Would Draw You In? 3.   You are a business owner or professional and you want people to find you.* If you are a business owner or professional wanting to attract clients, stack your headline with the keywords your clients would be searching on.   My headline says: Essay Resume Writer | Executive Resumes | Personal Statements | LinkedIn Profiles | Web Copy The result of having these keywords in my headline (and also in my summary, specialties and job titles) is that many people find me when they are seeking the services I provide. During admission season I change my keywords to emphasize college essays and MBA Admissions consulting. Change your keywords as much as you want until you get the number of visitors to your site each day that you’re looking for. 4.   You are a business owner or professional and you just want to build a close network of solid business connections. If you are laying low on LinkedIn and selectively building a network, really all you need is your job title and organization.   LinkedIn will take care of that for you. *NOTE TO THOSE IN CATEGORIES 1 3:   Remember that the number of hits you get on your LinkedIn profile will always increase when you increase your number of connections.   For more on that topic please view my signature webinar, How to Write a Killer LinkedIn Profile. BEWARE of the LinkedIn Default!   If you update your current job position, LinkedIn automatically changes your headline unless you catch the box that lets you opt out.   If this happens, take control and change your headline if you want it to say something different! Like so many things, there is no â€Å"one size fits all† answer to the LinkedIn Headline question.   If you’re not sure what the best way is to approach yours, comment below or contact The Essay Expert for assistance in crafting a KILLER LinkedIn Profile!

Contemporary Development in Business Management Essay

Contemporary Development in Business Management - Essay Example It does not function as a separate entity in the business, nor is it more important than any other primary activity, yet through actual and potential sales it does establish constraints within which the other activities must be performed, Marketing endeavors to fuse consumer wants and needs with the operations of a business organization, which to survive and grow in a keenly competitive, ever changing environment, concerns itself with the mechanisms of corporate adjustment. Nordex was founded in 1985 and since that time it achieved competitive position on the global market. Nordex brand is one of the most popular around the globe based on unique quality and exceptional product offering. Nordex operates on the slowly growing market, but the company obtains a strong market position and became one of the most popular brands in alternative power solutions. It will be the base for further expansion and market growth on the global scale. â€Å"Under the brand name Nordex we offer powerful wind turbines for almost all geographic regions across the globe† (Nordex Home Page 2008). Nordex’s target market involves all market segments from populated and low populated regions. Nordex relies on an efficient market system and product improvement, innovative technological solutions and unique brand image. Marketing communication plays a crucial role in successful market performance as it influences brand image and product recognition. ‘Today more than 3,300 Nordex wind turbines with a total rated output of more than 4,000 megawatts are already rotating in 34 countries of the world. We are represented with offices and subsidiaries in 18 countries. In this way we are consistently seizing development opportunities in a market which will continue grow in the course of the next few years? â€Å" (Nordex Home Page 2008). Political /Legal factors: in Germany, political situation is marked by stability and democratization of government institutions. It is a federal

Critique assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique - Assignment Example In this context, it is clear that the model has solemn faults when used as a cognitive and psychosocial explanation of religious faith, but to some extent, it has strong points to be noted. The Stages of Faith and moral development model is characterized by Fowler’s designation of faith. He defines it as â€Å"worldwide quality of human being meaning making†. It describes the fundamental meaning-making process utilized by all individuals regardless of their beliefs. To the author, faith occurs as persons place individual loyalty and trust in or many â€Å"centers of value† such as money, religion, power, and family The model of development suggests that this structure remains uniform in spite of whether individuals are side with a spiritual or unspiritual centre of value (  Fowler 67). As a result, the faith development model centers at the psychological issues that make possible the operation of faith but does not address any detailed faith content; that is, t he specific faith beliefs and values of a given religion. The use of a structural technique by Fowler to systematize the faith developmental phases and how he defines faith are challenging in a manner. Being a structural theory, most readers assume that faith development clarify in a consistent way across hierarchical, universal, and irreversible stages. According to psychological research, development entails much more variability and a rigid stage as theory is inadequate in its capability to confine diversity and richness of religious development. Further, critics differ with the logic behind Fowler’s elimination of sacred content from the development stages of faith. The exclusion was based on the concept that faith entails trust and loyalty to centre of value and has no need of intellectual accord to any definite assertions. One scholar by the name of Jones T.P (20040 criticized this element of Fowler by arguing that Christianity involves trust and loyalty in Jesus Christ . As a centre of value, yet at the same time, it is a â€Å"content-requisite faith† that is base on recognition of certain beliefs like the existence of God, Jesus’ resurrection from the departed, and Jesus as the son of God and messiah. Agreeing to other contents and beliefs apart from Christian principles is regarded as idolatry. The weakness of Fowler’s description of faith as a worldwide construct detach from religious context is that it is contrary to faith’s definition of content requisite spiritual groups (  Fowler 70). 3 strong points of James Fowler’s theory Concrete operational thinking This is a strong idea developed in the first stage of Fowler’s theory. Affectively, the decree of oedipal factors or their immersions in latency are vital accompanying factors. In the middle of transition from one stage to another is a child’s growing concern to basically know how things are and to make clear personally the foundations of differences between what is factual and what solely seems to be. The birth of imagination This is a strong point in the first stage of Fowler’s theory. He puts forward the ability to grasp and unify the experience-world in influential images as illustrated in